Category: Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)

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Spending Time in the Forest: Modalities of Engagement, Connection, and Care

Spending Time in the Forest: Modalities of Engagement, Connection, and Care

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • February 5, 2026
  • Milena A. Guziak

Abstract

This chapter continues and expands the discussion initiated in Guziak’s (2025) article, Spending Time in the Forest: Modalities of Engagement, Connection, and Care, by further examining the diverse ways in which human beings engage with forest environments and how such engagement may evolve from a single experience into an ongoing practice of restoration, connection, and care. The chapter argues that spending time in the forest should not be reduced to a single activity or therapeutic model, but understood instead as a continuum of modalities that differ in structure, intention, depth, and personal meaning. These modalities include time in the forest as a free and accessible resource, guided forest therapy sessions as a mindfulness modality, guided forest therapy as a pathway to nature connectedness, and time in the forest as a nature-based intervention.

A central concern of the chapter is the distinction between transient forest experiences and sustained forest practice. While even brief or passive exposure to forest environments may support physiological regulation, cognitive restoration, emotional balance, and a sense of relief, not every encounter becomes integrated into everyday life. The chapter therefore explores the variables that influence whether forest engagement becomes an enduring practice, including repetition, accessibility, perceived benefit, subjective meaning, guidance, routine, and the development of emotional attachment to place.

Drawing on research from environmental psychology, mindfulness studies, nature connectedness scholarship, and forest-therapy literature, the chapter suggests that the therapeutic and transformative potential of forest engagement depends not only on exposure itself, but on the quality, continuity, and integration of that exposure into lived experience. In doing so, it offers a nuanced framework for understanding how forests may function simultaneously as settings of passive restoration, relational encounter, contemplative practice, and preventive or supportive intervention. Ultimately, the chapter proposes that spending time in the forest is not merely an activity undertaken in nature, but a potentially meaningful mode of being that can deepen self-regulation, reconnection, and care across personal, social, and ecological dimensions.

10.65410/syjI3202602-EN-2

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Why We Need Forest Therapy Guides

Why We Need Forest Therapy Guides

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • January 9, 2026
  • Milena A. Guziak

Abstract

The need for forest therapy guides may be understood through the intersection of evolutionary history, environmental transformation, and contemporary mental health burden. Humans evolved in close and continuous relationship with natural environments, yet the past several centuries have seen a progressive shift from nature-embedded living toward agricultural, industrial, and urbanized forms of habitation. This long process of separation has culminated in a modern condition in which many individuals spend their daily lives in built environments characterized by overstimulation, pollution, social fragmentation, and limited access to green space. Concurrently, mental health is increasingly recognized as shaped by complex interactions among biological, psychological, social, and environmental determinants. Rising prevalence of depression, anxiety, burnout, loneliness, and other stress-related conditions suggests that the mental health crisis is not solely clinical in nature, but also ecological and structural. In this framework, forest therapy guides may be viewed as facilitators of guided re-engagement with restorative natural environments. Their role is to support safe, intentional, and context-sensitive encounters with forests that may foster sensory awareness, regulation, reflection, and reconnection. Forest therapy guiding is therefore proposed as a relevant response to the combined effects of environmental disconnection and modern mental health vulnerability.

 

DOI: 10.65410/syjI3202601en

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The Shinrin Yoku Association: Honoring Tradition, Science, and the Future

The Shinrin-Yoku Association: Honoring Tradition, Science, and the Future

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 17, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

The article traces its conceptual evolution from the Japanese 森林浴構想 (Forest Bathing Concept) to scientifically grounded “forest therapy” and “forest medicine,” linking these to global nature-connection theories and traditions. Integrating insights from environmental psychology, biophilia, stress recovery, and self-determination theory, the author introduces the dual model of horizontal and vertical immersion to describe differing depths of engagement with nature—from casual contact to transformative communion. She positions guided Shinrin-Yoku sessions as evidence-based, structured nature interventions that foster parasympathetic activation, emotional regulation, and long-term nature connectedness. The article also revisits Boris P. Tokin’s pioneering research on phytoncides, connecting his 20th-century discoveries with today’s understanding of volatile organic compounds and forest atmospheres. Finally, the article emphasizes the cultural plurality of nature-based wisdom, honoring parallel traditions such as Friluftsliv, Pachamama, and Taoist Tiān rén hé yī (天人合一). Through this synthesis of science, spirituality, and ethics, the Shinrin Yoku Association is portrayed as a bridge between tradition and innovation—advocating for professional standards, ecological stewardship, and the restoration of humanity’s innate bond with the living forest.

From Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) to Forest Therapy: The Evolution of a Japanese Health Concept
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From Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) to Forest Therapy: The Evolution of a Japanese Health Concept

From Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) to Forest Therapy: The Evolution of a Japanese Health Concept

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

This document provides a brief introduction to the concept of shinin-yoku, also known as “forest bathing， ” and its evolution towards forest therapy（森林療法，森林セラピー）・

From Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) to Forest Therapy: The Evolution of a Japanese Health Concept
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Comprehensive Assessment and Optimization of Invitations for Shinrin-Yoku Sessions: Methodology and Case Study

Comprehensive Assessment and Optimization of Invitations for Shinrin-Yoku Sessions: Methodology and Case Study

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

The “Code of Conduct and Guidelines” document of the Shinin Yoku Association, outlines the ethical framework and operational standards for Shinin Yoku (forest bathing) guides, instructors, and teachers. The document emphasizes key principles such as respect for nature, professionalism, inclusivity, safety, continuous learning, and collaboration. It provides detailed guidelines for maintaining high-quality service, ethical behavior, and environmental stewardship. The document also highlights competencies required for Shinin Yoku guides, including ethical adherence, session management, building trust, effective communication, awareness, and preparedness. By adhering to these standards, the Shinin Yoku Association aims to ensure a consistent, authentic, and safe experiences/Shinin Yoku sessions, while promoting the sustainability and integrity of the practice.

Comprehensive Assessment and Optimization of Invitations for Shinrin-Yoku Sessions: Methodology and Case Study
Shinrin-Yoku Journal

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Establishing Ethical Standards and Best Practices for Shinrin Yoku Guides: A Comprehensive Guide by the Shinrin Yoku Association

Establishing Ethical Standards and Best Practices for Shinrin Yoku Guides: A Comprehensive Guide by the Shinrin Yoku Association

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

The “Code of Conduct and Guidelines” document of the Shinin Yoku Association, outlines the ethical framework and operational standards for Shinin Yoku (forest bathing) guides, instructors, and teachers. The document emphasizes key principles such as respect for nature, professionalism, inclusivity, safety, continuous learning, and collaboration. It provides detailed guidelines for maintaining high-quality service, ethical behavior, and environmental stewardship. The document also highlights competencies required for Shinin Yoku guides, including ethical adherence, session management, building trust, effective communication, awareness, and preparedness. By adhering to these standards, the Shinin Yoku Association aims to ensure a consistent, authentic, and safe experiences/Shinin Yoku sessions, while promoting the sustainability and integrity of the practice.

Establishing Ethical Standards and Best Practices for Shinrin Yoku Guides: A Comprehensive Guide by the Shinrin Yoku Association
Shinrin-Yoku Journal

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Investigating Relationships between Nature Connection, Emotion Regulation, and Mindful Attention Awareness

Investigating Relationships between Nature Connection, Emotion Regulation, and Mindful Attention Awareness

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

Research has demonstrated that a connection with nature positively affects human well-being. This study aimed to investigate whether this connection influences emotion regulation and mindfulness through correlational and predictive analyses. The sample consisted of 90 adults from various international backgrounds who completed a survey assessing their connection with nature using the Nature Connection Index (NCI), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18), and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Results revealed a medium effect size (R? = .152, Rª adj_ = .142), indicating that approximately fifteen percent of the variability in emotion regulation can be attributed to higher nature connection. Nature connection was found to be a significant predictor of
emotion regulation difficulties, F(1, 88) = 15.77, p < .001. A significant negative relationship was observed between nature connection and difficulties in emotion regulation (B = -0.59, ‹(89) = -3.97, p < .001; r(90) = -0.39, p < 001). Spearman’s rank-order correlations showed significant negative relationships between NCI and several subscales of the DERS-18: difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior (rs = -0.28, n = 90, p < .01), lack of emotional awareness (rs = -0.27, n = 90, p < .01), and limited access to emotion regulation strategies (rs = -0.36, n = 90, p < .01). These findings suggest practical implications for the well-being of the general population. Specifically, increasing one’s connection with nature appears to improve emotion regulation, particularly in goal-oriented behaviors, emotional awareness, and access to emotion regulation strategies. Therefore, activities that enhance nature connection could serve as effective preventive measures against decreased well-being.

Investigating Relationships between Nature Connection, Emotion Regulation and Mindful Attention Awareness
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The Relationship Between Nature Connection Index and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results Digest

The Relationship Between Nature Connection Index and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results Digest

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

The current study investigates the relationship between the Nature Connection Index (NCI) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18) to understand how connection with nature influences emotion regulation. Data was collected from a diverse sample, and Spearman’s rank-order correlations were conducted to explore the relationships between NCI and the subscales of DERS-18. The findings revealed significant negative relationships between NCI and several aspects of emotion regulation, including difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior, lack of emotional awareness, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies. These results suggest that greater nature connectedness is associated with better emotion regulation capabilities. Practical implications include enhancing focus and productivity through nature-based activities, improving emotional awareness by spending time in nature, and developing effective emotion regulation strategies via nature-connected interventions. These insights underscore the importance of integrating nature into daily routines and therapeutic practices to enhance emotional health and well-being.

The Relationship Between Nature Connection Index and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results Digest
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Research Digest: Medical Empirical Research on Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku)

Research Digest: Medical Empirical Research on Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku)

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • November 6, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

The systematic review by Wen et al. (2019) explores the health benefits of forest bathing (Shinin-yoku) and evaluates the methodological quality of related studies.

Originating in Japan, forest bathing involves immersive, multi-sensory experiences in forest environments to enhance physical and psychological health. The review, spanning studies from January 2015 to April 2019, utilized PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, selecting 28 out of 210 initially retrieved papers. The methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist, revealing higher quality in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared to non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs). The findings indicate significant health benefits. Forest bathing has been shown to reduce blood pressure and improve heart rate variability, indicating cardiovascular benefits. Neuroendocrine effects include lower levels of cortisol, adrenaline, and other stress hormones. Metabolic benefits are observed with decreased triglyceride levels and increased adiponectin. Immune function is enhanced, demonstrated by the increased activity of natural killer cells and other immune markers. Psychological well-being is improved with better mood, reduced anxiety and depression, and overall enhanced emotional well-being. The review underscores the importance of addressing subhealth symptoms prevalent in urban lifestyles and calls for more high-quality, interdisciplinary studies to fully understand the therapeutic mechanisms of forest bathing. Practical implications for Shinin Yoku guides include structuring sessions to engage all five senses, integrating mindfulness and meditation, monitoring health markers, ensuring safety, and using evidence-based interventions to maximize benefits.

Research Digest: Medical Empirical Research on Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku)​
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Selected Facts from the History of Research on Phytoncides and Phytoncide Therapy

Selected Facts from the History of Research on Phytoncides and Phytoncide Therapy

  • Shinrin-Yoku Journal (ISSN: 2957-2118)
  • August 14, 2025
  • Milena A. Guziak

Abstract

This article revisits the contested early history of phytoncides within Soviet bioscience through the work of Boris P. Tokin. It traces the concept’s evolution from incidental observations in 1928–1930—yeast death near crushed onion during experiments on Gurvich’s “mitogenetic rays”—to Tokin’s 1932 realization, catalyzed in Tashkent, that volatile plant emissions can exert bactericidal and fungicidal effects on pathogens. The formal codification and naming of “phytoncides” in 1942, amid wartime shortages of antiseptics, accelerated clinical trials and hospital use, helped seed the term “phytoncidotherapy,” and intersected with the emergence of domestic aromatherapy. The paper clarifies frequent biographical inaccuracies (e.g., Tokin’s birthplace in Grushevka; his moves and appointments; the 1945 relocation to Leningrad) and situates his work within institutional and political contexts, including repression in 1937–1939 and the subsequent development of the Kyiv school under V. G. Drobotko. It also examines the term’s dual etymology—its widely taught Greco-Latin derivation and an unofficial acronymic reading linked to Filatova, Tokin, and Nebolyubova—and documents Tokin’s conceptual broadening (by 1964) from essential oils to a wider class of volatile and non-volatile plant substances produced by both wounded and healthy tissues. Rather than fix a single “discovery date,” the article argues that novelty lies in establishing a general plant antimicrobial system that transcends essential oils, thereby reframing the origins of phytoncidotherapy and underscoring Tokin’s underrecognized role in the history of aromatherapy.

DOI: 10.65410/syjI2202508en

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